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Module 2S: Spark Ignition Engines Advanced Study & Simulations

SI Engines

MOT/MOT2S-E
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Who should attend?

  • This course provides a deeper knowledge on spark ignition engines and practice with modelization and simulation.
Audience :
  • Engineers and technical staff of engine design, development or tuning departments, Spark Ignition engines and aiming to develop their knowledge of the operating parameters and increase their knowledge of key technologies on the Euro 6 horizon. For a better understanding applicants are advised to preliminary follow the Module 1.

Level : Foundation

Course Content

  • Combustion systems characteristics

      • Objectives and design restrictions linked to the combustion chamber (shape, valves arrangement).
      • Combustion characteristics: combustion physics, volumetric efficiency (valve lift curve, IVO, EVO, IVC, EVC, crossing), combustion and cycle efficiencies, fuel/air ratio distribution, abnormal combustions (knocking, pre-ignition).
      • Combustion modes: stoichiometric combustion (basic system, downsizing), lean mixture combustion (indirect or direct injection, homogeneous or stratified), direct injection and supercharging; validity of these combustion modes facing the current and future restrictions (emissions, consumption, …).
      • Design and adjustment parameters: combustion system optimization in stoichiometric or lean mixture mode.
      • Raw emissions reduction: pollutants formation mechanisms, performance/depollution tradeoff at the engine level (preparing the mixture, EGR, dead volumes, variable timing, …).

  • Characterization - Breathing & supercharging

      • Breathing: acoustic inlet and exhaust (3Y manifolds, separate exhaust lines, …) optimization.
      • Parameters affecting the performances.
      • Supercharging: supercharging types, turbocharger operating and technology, mapping (characteristic fields), adaptation to engine, trade-off to carry out.

  • Spark ignition engine fuels characteristics

      • Gasoline main characteristics and specifications: density, octane rating, volatility, chemical composition, sulfur and impact on the engine behavior.
      • New fuels: evolution of specifications and oxygen compounds.
      • Gaseous fuels: natural gas vehicles and liquefied natural gas.

  • Engine management system

      • Engine control system: role, definitions, history.
      • Acquiring the operating point: different sensors (speed, glow, pressure, temperature, positioning, …).
      • Ignition: components (coils, plugs), anti-knock.
      • Air management: motorized throttle valve, variable timing, supercharging.
      • Depollution: fuel-air ratio control, EGR, EAI.
      • Strategy: torque structure and diagnostic.

  • Spark ignition engine after-treatment

      • Situation, history and general issues, regulation restrictions, operating of a catalyst.
      • 3-way catalyst: stoichiometric conditions, fuel-air ratio control, cold start (hydrocarbons, exhaust thermics management), high power loop opening.
      • Lean mixture NOx treatment (homogeneous/stratified): NOx traps operating principles, exhaust heat exchanger. Operating limits of gasoline catalysts ageing.

  • Simulator: full load characterization

      • The proposed simulator is a virtual engine bench on which we will conduct virtual testing by varying the parameters to show their impact.
      • To find optimal advance.
      • Measurement of a power curve, maximum torque, specific fuel consumption, filling analysis.
      • Impact of the air and cylinder wall temperature on engine performance.

  • Simulator: engine characterization at 2000 rpm

      • Spark advance and CA50 analysis, ESC, ISC, engine performance measurement.
      • Spark advance tracking and analyze. Study of the burning speed, initiation time, engine performance, exhaust temperature, …

Learning Objectives

  • Upon completion of the course, participants will be able to:
  • know the fundamentals about combustion systems design and construction,
  • know how the gasoline characteristics affect the engine behavior,
  • understand the structure and the basics on the engine control operation,
  • select depollution strategy: raw emissions improvement or after-treatment,
  • select a timing system,
  • build a quick diagnostic in case of operating failure,
  • identify and know the key technologies of spark ignition engines that will be needed for Euro 6,
  • explain the evolution of the main parameters (pollutants, lead, CA50, CSE, SMEs, volumetric efficiency, energy release, the different yields, …): a change of regime in full load, a load variation at constant speed, using a variable valve timing system,
  • specify a type of test campaign for the basic settings of a spark ignition engine.

Ways & Means

  • All trainers are industry experts, delivering real life examples.
  • Downsizing architecture case study.
  • Use of numerical simulator: active learning.
  • The participant can directly visualize the influence of each engine parameter.