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Introduction to Engines

Operating - Depollution - Technical Evolutions

MOT/INTMOT-E
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Who should attend?

  • This course provides a demystification of the operation of reciprocating conventional and future automotive engines as well as the related terminology.
Audience :
  • Any person wishing technical information about automotive engines’ operation, SI or Diesel.

Level : Discovery

Course Content

  • Engines operating & basic parameters

      • Piston engines operating and classification: 4-stroke and 2-stroke cycles, gasoline/Diesel, indirect/direct injection, naturally aspirated (NA)/supercharged (SC), architectures.
      • Geometric characteristics: conrod-crank system, bore, stroke, cubic inch displacement, compression volumetric ratio, timing diagram.
      • Operating parameters: load, use curve, torque, power, fuel/air ratio, volumetric efficiency, efficiencies, specific fuel consumption (BSFC).

  • Atmosphere pollution & regulations

      • Atmospherical phenomena: locally (smog) or globally (greenhouse effect).
      • Regulations for passengers cars.

  • Description & functions of engine components

      • Role of the engine in powertrain.
      • Main components technologies: piston, conrod, crankshaft, flywheel; cylinder block, cylinder head; camshaft drive, valve control, variable timing and their situation in the engine.
      • Injection systems: gasoline and Diesel. Ignition system.
      • Naturally aspirated (NA) engine intake circuits, turbocharging, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), cooling, lubrication, crankcase ventilation.
      • Engine monitoring: torque structure, logic controller, sensors and actuators.
      • Components displays, …

  • Engine operation & base parameters

      • Reactants and combustion products, combustion equation, flammability limits, auto-ignition delay, combustion speed. Combustion in:
      • Indirect injection spark ignition engines (stoichiometric homogeneous mixture).
      • Direct injection spark ignition engines, in a homogeneous or stratified (heterogeneous) mixture.
      • Direct injection Diesel engines (heterogeneous mixture).
      • Pollutants formation. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
      • How to transform chemical energy in mechanical energy, thermodynamical work, 4stroke and 2 stroke cycles.
      • Evolution of SI engines and Diesel engines, downspeeding, downsizing, …

  • Fuels for engines

      • Hydrocarbons properties and structures: composition, H/C ratio, self-ignition, net calorific value (NCV).
      • Oils characteristics (octane rating, volatility) and Diesel fuels (cetane rating, cold engine operability, sulfur content, lubricating capacity). Biofuels.

  • Exhaust gas after-treatment

      • Automotive exhaust catalysis: oxidation catalysis and tri-functional catalysis.
      • Efficiency, initiation temperature, ageing.
      • Nitrogen oxide processing (NOx traps, selective reduction catalysts SCR).
      • Diesel particle filtration and filter regeneration with fuel additive or catalytic filter.
      • On Board Diagnostics (OBD).

  • Air pollution & regulations origins

      • Atmospheric phenomena at stake: local (smog) or global ones (greenhouse effect).
      • Regulations implemented to cars.

Learning Objectives

  • Upon completion of the course, participants will be able to:
  • identify the main engine components and situate them in the engine,
  • describe the operating mode of these components,
  • understand spark ignition and Diesel combustion and describe their differences,
  • have a view of the expected technological evolutions required by the future regulations.

Ways & Means

  • Real engine dismantling.
  • Real components study.
  • Interactive talks.